Bowling and Dieppe listed criteria for describing a person's success in aging. These include elements that matter to the elderly. The authors are from University College London and the University of Bristol.
Criteria based on theoretical definitions:
(1) life expectancy
(2) life satisfaction, well-being, contentment, happiness
(3) mental and psychological health
(4) cognitive function
(5) personal growth and learning new things
(6) physical health and functioning, being independent
(7) psychological resources (self-esteem, coping, adaptability, autonomy, control, positive outlook, sense of self)
(8) integration and participation in social, community and leisure activities
(9) social networks and support
Criteria based on lay definitions:
(1) accomplishments
(2) enjoyment of diet
(3) financial security (and independence)
(4) neighborhood (and community)
(5) physical appearance
(6) productivity and making a contribution
(7) sense of humor
(8) sense of purpose
(9) spirituality
where:
• Some items from the second group can be integrated with the first group.
• Since of the criteria are based on self-perceived levels.
• As with any complex system, success requires adequacy in all or almost all factors. One or two poor levels of performance can significantly impair the whole.
These can be made into a score by grading the items.
Quality |
Points |
excellent |
4 |
good |
3 |
fair |
2 |
subpar |
1 |
poor |
0 |
ICD-10: ,