Vascular disease:
(1) occlusion of a central or branch retinal artery or vein
(2) diabetic retinopathy
(3) disease of the carotid artery
(4) sickle cell retinopathy
Inflammatory disease:
(1) uveitis
(2) syphilitic retinal vasculitis
Tumors:
(1) ocular melanoma (choroidal, iris, uveal)
(2) retinoblastoma
(3) optic nerve retinopathy
Iatrogenic:
(1) intraocular lens implantation
(2) radiation therapy of ocular melanoma
Retinal disorders:
(1) retinopathy of prematurity
(2) retinoschisis (splitting of the retina)
(3) Coat's exudative retinopathy (with subretinal lipid exudates)
(4) retinal detachment
(5) retinal hemorrhage
(6) inherited vitreoretinal degeneration (Stickler's syndrome)