Conditions associated with hypocalcemia include:
(1) chronic renal failure
(2) hypoparathyroidism
(3) pseudohypoparathyroidism (with parathyroid hormone resistance)
(4) magnesium deficiency (decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone, resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone)
(5) vitamin D deficiency
(6) vitamin D resistance
(7) drugs that interfere with vitamin D
(8) hungry bone syndrome (during treatment of hyperparathyroidism or other bone disease with depleted calcium)
(9) calcium chelators (citrate or phosphate infusion)
(10) inhibitors of bone resorption (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, other)
(12) massive tumor lysis
(13) acute rhabdomyolysis
(14) osteoblastic bone metastases
(15) renal tubular disorder with hypercalciuria
(16) severe acute pancreatitis
A neonate may show transient hypocalcemia if the mother has hypercalcemia or osteomalacia.
Pseudohypocalcemia may occur with hypoalbuminemia, The total serum calcium concentration may be decreased while the ionized calcium is within the normal range.
