Risk factors for nasal myiasis:
(1) old age
(2) low socioeconomic status
(3) poor nutritional status
(4) atrophic rhinitis
(5) leprosy
(6) tuberculosis
(7) rhinoscleroma
(8) conditions associated with reduced sneezing
Clinical signs and symptoms:
(1) foreign body sensation in the nasal cavity
(2) nasal and/or facial pain
(3) nasal discharge
(4) epistaxis
(5) foul smell
(6) anosmia
(7) maggots coming out of the nose or in the sputum
(8) sinusitis
(9) cough or laryngospasm (from inhaling larvae)
Complications may include:
(1) facial cellulitis
(2) septal and/or palatal perforation
(3) meningitis and/or invasion into the central nervous system
