Inhalation of elemental mercury vapor can result in an acute syndrome with late sequelae that may last for a long period of time. Repeated acute exposures may result in chronic mercurialism.
Organs affected in an acute exposure:
(1) lungs
(2) gastrointestinal tract
(3) kidneys
(4) nervous system
Stage of the Acute Syndrome
Time Frame After Exposure
Findings
initial
from hours to days
metal fume fever, flu-like syndrome
intermediate
1-3 weeks
multi-organ damage
late
weeks to months
persisting CNS findings, resolution of other organ damage
Respiratory system:
(1) dyspnea
(2) bronchitis
(3) pneumonitis
(4) noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with cyanosis
Neurologic findings:
(1) peripheral neuropathy
(2) seizures
(3) tremors
Gastrointestinal findings:
(1) gingivitis
(2) stomatitis
(3) excessive salivation
(4) metallic taste in the mouth
Renal findings:
(1) proteinuria
(2) acute renal failure
Laboratory findings:
(1) increased 24 hour urine mercury excretion
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