A simplified classification of frostbite injury is based on the depth of injury. This correlates with the therapeutic needs and outcome.
Types of frostbite injury:
(1) superficial (skin and subcutaneous tissues)
(2) deep (bone, muscles, fascia, tendons)
Feature |
Superficial |
Deep |
response to digital pressure |
supple |
firm and resilient |
sensation after thawing |
painful |
anesthetic |
edema after rewarming |
none to moderate |
severe |
blistering |
none to clear |
violaceous |
color of the tissue |
hyperemic |
bluish-gray, dusky |
outcome |
normal or cold sensitive |
tissue loss or gangrene |
Specialty: Emergency Medicine, Critical Care
ICD-10: ,