Inherited conditions:
(1) cystinosis
(2) cytochrome C oxidase deficiency
(3) Dent's disease
(4) galactosemia
(5) glycogen storage disease type I
(6) hereditary fructose intolerance
(7) oculocerebrorenal syndrome (Lowe's syndrome)
(8) tyrosinemia type I (hepatorenal)
(9) vitamin-D dependent rickets
(10) Wilson's disease
Toxic:
(1) heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, uranium)
(2) toluene
(3) tributylin oxide
(4) Lysol
(5) methyl-3-chromone
(6) paraquat
(7) nitrobenzene
Drug-related:
(1) 6-mercaptopurine
(2) caphalothin
(3) gentamicin
(4) ifosfamide
(5) salicylates
(6) tenofovir
(7) tetracyclines that is outdated
(8) valproic acid
Renal conditions
(1) nephrotic syndrome
(2) interstitial nephritis with antibodies to the tubular basement membrane
(3) renal transplant
Malignancy-related:
(1) cancer
(2) Bence-Jones protein in multiple myeloma
Some cases may be idiopathic.
