Thrombo-embolic conditions:
(1) amniotic fluid emboli
(2) microemboli associated with cardiac surgery
(3) protein S or C deficiency
(4) fat emboli (Purtscher retinopathy)
Autoimmune disorders/vasculitis
(1) dermatomyositis
(2) polymyositis
(3) scleroderma
(4) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
(5) polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
(6) rheumatoid arthritis
(7) serum sickness
(8) Takayasu syndrome
Blood pressure-related:
(1) hypotensive retinopathy
(2) toxemia of pregnancy
(3) pheochromocytoma
(4) malignant hypertension
Infection-related:
(1) HIV
(2) pneumonia
(3) rheumatic fever
(4) Rift Valley fever
(5) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
(6) subacute bacterial endocarditis (with Roth spots)
Anemia-related:
(1) pernicious anemia
(2) aplastic anemia
(3) severe acute blood loss (may be associated with hypotension)
(4) acute or chronic anemia
Hematologic disorders:
(1) Hodgkin’s disease
(2) leukemia
(3) multiple myeloma
(4) Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
(5) primary amyloidosis
Miscellaneous:
(1) acute pancreatitis
(2) cirrhosis
(3) diabetic retinopathy
(4) carbon monoxide poisoning
(5) cancer-related cachexia
(6) primary open-angle glaucoma
