Postoperative:
(1) following hernia repair
(2) following a vasectomy
(3) following hydrocele or spermatocele repair
(4) following varicocelectomy
(5) following tumor surgery in the scrotum
(6) following nephrectomy (possibly related to ligation of the gonadal vein)
Chronic epididymal pain:
(1) Behcet's disease
(2) brucellosis
(3) schistosomiasis
(4) tuberculosis
(5) amiodarone therapy
(6) sexually transmitted disease (STD)
Chronic testicular pain:
(1) post-traumatic
(2) following torsion
(3) following orchitis
(4) diabetic neuropathy
(5) imipramine withdrawal
(6) vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa, other)
(7) tumor
Pain due to disorders affecting structures outside the scrotum:
(1) prostatitis
(2) pudendal neuralgia
(3) muscle spasms in the pelvic floor
(4) ureteral calculus
(5) retroperitoneal tumor
(6) disorder involving a lumbar vertebra
A significant percent of men with chronic scrotal pain have no identifiable explanation (idiopathic).
