Complete heart block may rarely occur following cardiac catheterization in a pediatric patient with congenital heart disease.
Risk factors for CIHB (Mah et al):
(1) age < 1 year
(2) case duration >= 2 hours
Most patients have complex congenital heart disease (which is associated with both of the above risk factors).
Most patients recover normal sinus within 2 weeks but some children may require a pacemaker. Many patients who have a pacemaker will recover atrioventricular conduction over time.
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